What we have written on the cold chain56 / 154

The agreement built to protect the ozone layer took climate gases into its scope: HFC consumption is being cut in steps, and Türkiye's schedule runs from 2024 to an 80 per cent cut in 2045.

An intact reusable pack or eutectic plate is frozen again after thawing. Instant cold packs and packs that leak or crack do not go back into the freezer.

Apply EU Regulation 2024/573 only to covered gases and equipment. Do not automatically class a passive plate container as F-gas equipment.

Ordinary ice melts at 0 °C and leaves free water in the box. A sealed pack keeps its filling inside the shell, and a eutectic plate can be chosen with a melting point between -3 and -21 °C.

The 2024 edition contains the amendments of 22 June 2024; the UN Secretary-General has notified that further amendments entered into force on 25 August 2026. A procedure should record which text it cites.

A gel pack is heated only when its label gives a heating method. A heated pack holds little heat because nothing changes phase, so it cannot keep hot food above 60 °C on a long route.

In 2022, 1.05 billion tonnes of food were wasted: 60 percent in households, 28 percent in food service, 12 percent in retail. What the report measures and where supply-chain loss is counted.

Gel packs go above the product, with an insulating layer between pack and goods, and are held so they cannot move in the box. The layout is checked with a trial run for that box, the outside temperature and the transit time.

Record energy use, refrigerant inventory and calculation boundaries separately; compare reductions with measurements.

A frozen gel pack touching the product can freeze the contact point even while box air looks acceptable. The freezing limit, plate melting points and separator criteria are given below in numbers.

Before quoting a global percentage, check report edition, scope, denominator and whether it is an estimate.

A gel pack made for reuse can be refrozen while its shell stays intact. The freezer setting follows the plate's melting point, and for vaccines CDC sets a stricter rule.