What we have written on the cold chain151 / 154

Screen each mixed load with a commodity table, separate producers from sensitive goods, and record exposure along the route.

The ISPM 15 heat treatment rule, a loss calculation for a 400-pallet fleet and Article 13 of the Turkish Food Hygiene Regulation: three measures for choosing wood or plastic.

For GEBHARDT plates the freezer runs at least 5 °C below the melting point, air stays free between plates, and a set leaves only when the filling is solid.

It can: an insulated container, eutectic plates with the right melting point fully frozen in the warehouse, and food loaded at transport temperature. The duration is calculated from route and load data.

A carton is one line on the invoice; its storage, waste, reordering and price risk pile up on other lines. Against a reusable container it can only be compared per trip.

Before the first shipment, put product requirements, route steps, record fields and the exception decision on one page.

Air paths, stacking and equipment must be checked together. A road trailer, reefer container and cold store do not share one clearance rule.

We set out the FDA growth limits for Listeria and Bacillus cereus, the cumulative time table for fish products, and why an average temperature can mislead.

Pick one cost line and compare like-for-like trips. Track energy and empty returns while keeping the temperature target intact.

Check product, container and eutectic-plate preparation separately, and see how starting temperature and load quantity affect the transport plan.

Trace one shipment from lot number to delivery and find missing document links before the audit.

A TTI label adds up the temperature a pack has seen and the time spent there in one irreversible colour change. The main types, the VVM classes used on vaccines, and why a TTI does not replace a logger.