What we have written on the cold chain62 / 154

Do not assume a fixed gap; use product instructions, container model, packaging and measured load trials.

A lidded thermobox can be stacked; the load the bottom box carries sets the number of layers, and in a vehicle the column must resist 0.5 g sideways.

Assess slope, load and brake equipment on site; follow manufacturer instructions and the risk plan.

Beyond plates and dry ice there is a third route: turning liquid carbon dioxide into snow inside the box. The sublimation temperature, the cooling per kilogram and the CO2 limit in a closed cab set the terms.

The cause is often load height, trapped packaging or a dirty seating face rather than the lid itself. Pressing down only hides it.

Dry ice can release CO₂ gas. Do not open in an enclosed, poorly ventilated area; follow the SDS and site risk plan.

The same EPP box can run hot and cold loads on one day. The second run starts only after the box is washed, dried and back at a cold starting condition, and the worked example shows what that window does to the box count.

First protect people from slips and contact. Isolate the plate and affected load for product-specific assessment.

The liner, outer face and joints can hold different soils. Set and record cleaning and drying steps from the model instructions and site procedure.

The ATP certification plate is fixed permanently in a clearly visible place and carries the approval number, the class code and the month the approval expires.

A thermobox needs no power and makes no cold. Freezing the plate, the loading temperature and a lid that closes without force are all settled before the run starts.

The weld is the least inspected and most heavily loaded spot on a container. ISO 3834 shows how welding is controlled; GEBHARDT's welding certificate covers welded steel constructions, special load carriers and containers.