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Track use, damage, and maintenance; inspect and requalify the container when performance may have changed.

Consumption comes from heat load: wall transfer, product, doors, internal loads and defrost are added up and divided by the refrigeration efficiency (COP). Step by step with a worked example.

Compare pallets and crates by store access, handling steps, delivery time, and empty returns.

Litres are the inner volume; the choice runs from outside in. First a base that fits the 1200 x 800 mm Euro pallet layer, then wall thickness and the litres that remain.

A worked example shows how to read a price per square metre through its denominator, external surface and panel thickness.

A bag is the container for short routes measured in hours. Choose by closure, lining, pack divider and logger position, then test it loaded on your own route.

A plate delivers its cold near its own melting point. For fresh food the -3 °C plate is the right tool, for deep-freeze the -21 °C plate; conditioning temperature and container fit complete the choice.

A refrigerated container is a body transferred between transport modes and runs on external power; a refrigerated body is vehicle bodywork; a passive container runs on a prepared cold source. Power, internal size and transfers decide the choice.

Tape colour on the side and rear, which vehicles must carry it and where it sits are read from UN R48 paragraph 6.21 and R104.

Segregate damaged product, preserve batch, handover, photo and temperature evidence, and refer the decision.

With meat, the time is how long the product stays under its legal upper limit: 7 °C for red meat, 4 for poultry, 2 for mince. The box delays that moment; it does not remove it.

Payback omits timing and later years. Use the same assumptions for present value and a sensitivity check.

ATP does not automatically apply to every chilled shipment. Verify applicability from route, product and equipment before dispatch.

Compare total cost per completed trip and product suitability, not purchase price alone.

An EPS box has no fixed number of hours; wall thickness, outside temperature and the amount of ice give the time through a calculation. In the example box at 30 °C the ice is gone in about 14 hours.

An ATP certificate rests on a test or inspection report and in Türkiye it is issued by TSE. The route differs for a new body, a used vehicle and equipment brought in from abroad.